![]() The example at left is shaded with the point, at right, with the side. To begin with, decide whether you want to use the point or side of the pencil to shade with. ![]() The following pages offer a few tips to get you started. Greenspan.The first step to successful pencil shading is to control the movement of your pencil, making sure that every mark you make on the paper works towards creating the shading or modeling effect that you want. Syrdal, "Text-to-Speech Systems." Applied Speech Technology, ed. Behavioral scientists have been instrumental in basic research demonstrating the importance of intonation in the perception and production of speech, and in developing and evaluating intonation algorithms." It also conveys information about syntactic structure, discourse structure, and the speaker's attitude. ![]() The intonation contour emphasizes certain words more than others, and distinguishes statements (with falling intonation contours) from yes/no questions (with rising intonation contours). Listeners perceive an intonation contour as a pitch pattern that rises and falls at different points in a phrase. Acoustically, this vocal fold vibration provides the energy source that excites the vocal tract resonances during voiced portions of speech. Physiologically, F0 corresponds to the frequency at which the vocal folds are vibrating. An intonation contour is the underlying fundamental frequency (F0) pattern that occurs over time in speech phrases.
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